AVENIER Marie Jose

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The expanding popularity of qualitative research, and more particularly case study research, in the field of Information Systems, Organization and Management research, seems to have been accompanied by an increasing divergence in the forms that this research takes, and by recurrent criticisms concerning its rigor. This paper develops a heuristic framework for guiding the design of a rigorous case study depending on the research’s goal and epistemological framework, as well as for guiding its evaluation. It also highlights the fundamental reasons – namely the epistemological ones – for differences in the guidelines offered in the literature for conducting high quality case studies. In agreement with numerous authors, we argue for contingent evaluation criteria. We supplement these authors’ works in two ways: (1) we consider various epistemological frameworks that do not appear in the classifications that they use, especially including critical realism and pragmatic constructivism. (2) we propose a set of contingent criteria to be used as a heuristic device for critically and knowledgeably building rigorous case studies within different epistemological traditions.

The expanding popularity of qualitative research, and more particularly case study research, in the field of Information Systems, Organization and Management research, seems to have been accompanied by an increasing divergence in the forms that this research takes, and by recurrent criticisms concerning its rigor. This paper develops a heuristic framework for guiding the design of a rigorous case study depending on the research's goal and epistemological framework, as well as for guiding its evaluation. It also highlights the fundamental reasons – namely the epistemological ones – for differences in the guidelines offered in the literature for conducting high quality case studies. In agreement with numerous authors, we argue for contingent evaluation criteria. We supplement these authors' works in two ways: (1) we consider various epistemological frameworks that do not appear in the classifications that they use, especially including critical realism and pragmatic constructivism. (2) we propose a set of contingent criteria to be used as a heuristic device for critically and knowledgeably building rigorous case studies within different epistemological traditions.

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Based on the contributions of the Russian philosopher M.M. Bakhtin on the subject of dialogue, this paper sheds new light on the question of the emergence of innovative ideas through research in process philosophy. The work of this author allows us to develop an understanding of the microprocesses by which innovative ideas emerge during language interactions at particular moments called "seizing moments". The empirical study of a succession of "seizing moments" occurring during dialoguesthe same two people at different moments in time offers an understanding of how the exploration of these ideas during successive dialogues can facilitate the implementation of innovative ideas.

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This article provides practical insights into a rigorous way of conducting collaborative research aimed at developing academic knowledge relevant to management practice. These insights are particularly relevant within the pragmatic constructivist epistemological paradigm and within the methodological framework offered by the dialogical model. The approaches associated with the five stages of this model are precisely explained and illustrated by examples drawn from a research project conducted in a newly regulated industry. The proposed benchmarks integrate elements of existing qualitative methods, systematically justifying their use in relation to the epistemological context considered.

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The aim of this thesis is to study internal and external commitment, using the "self", within family-owned retail companies to see if it can show a way to enrich the problematic of organizational commitment. This work was the occasion to build a methodological framework consisting of four phases: design of the research framework, collection of empirical information, construction of local knowledge, construction and dissemination of generic knowledge. During the empirical study, we conducted nearly sixty semi-structured interviews in four stores of a small independent group. In addition to these interviews, other information (observations, documents) was collected. The interpretation of this empirical information led to the construction of local knowledge. By comparing this knowledge with existing theories, we were able to construct generic knowledge: - If one adopts an attitude of openness to the other, if the organization's objectives are compatible with the objectives of the individuals, external commitment and internal commitment can develop through a recursive loop, The generic model of "self" construction built from Mead's work allows for a dynamic study of commitment, whether internal or external - Divergences between mutual expectations of behavior and between mutual perceptions of the behaviors adopted can lead to the development of negative recursive loops - The more individuals interact by communicating explicitly, the more they will feel recognized, respected and supported. The more individuals interact by communicating explicitly, the more they feel recognized, the more they will give meaning to their work, the more it will be possible to avoid the development of recursive loops that generate disengagement. We then looked at the dissemination of this knowledge and its implementation by looking at some examples.

For several years, autonomy in the workplace has been a leitmotif in management science publications, as well as in the words of company managers. Accompanied by the "networking" of actors, it seems to be a key factor in the adaptation of organizations to an environment marked by instability and unpredictability. However, the notion of autonomy remains poorly understood in management science. This is why we turn to various sciences for which autonomy has been a central notion for a long time: biology, physiology, genetics, ethology, cognitive sciences, psychology, psychiatry, sociology, cybernetics and systems science, in order to identify the deep meaning of this notion, to specify its contours and to propose a definition. Then, from a research-observation carried out in a construction company, we highlight the potential organizational and human implications of the implementation of a strategy of empowerment-networking of the actors in the company. The epistemological reflection that accompanies the whole of this work leads us to revisit the paradigm of constructivist epistemologies by proposing various ways of development.

In management science, or in the words of managers, innovation is generally considered to be a strategic game for the company. It plays an undeniable role in its competitiveness and sometimes even its survival. However, the design and marketing of a new product can be a complex project for companies. This observation leads us to wonder what types of processes can be put in place to deal with the complexity of the innovation problem. From a study of computer-aided engineering at the Renault technocentre, we put into perspective the role of NICTs - more particularly simulation, CAD and virtual reality technologies - for the design of complex innovation engineering. Our project is to respond to a perceived complex problem, through complex actions, by making the representations of the innovation problem and the design of processes in the company evolve together.